Study Materials

PART XIII: TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA 301 Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse. 302 Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse. 303 Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the...

PART IX: THE PANCHAYATS 243 Definitions. 243A Gram Sabha. 243B Constitution of Panchayats. 243C Composition of Panchayats. 243D Reservation of seats. 243E Duration of Panchayats, etc. 243F Disqualifications for membership. 243G Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats. 243H Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats. 243-I...

PART VI: THE STATES CHAPTER I: GENERAL 152 Definition. CHAPTER II: THE EXECUTIVE The Governor 153 Governors of States. 154 Executive power of State. 155 Appointment of Governor. 156 Term of office of Governor. 157 Qualifications for appointment as Governor. 158 Conditions of Governor’s office 159 Oath or affirmation by...

PART V: THE UNION CHAPTER I: THE EXECUTIVE The President and Vice-President 52 The President of India. 53 The executive power of the Union. 54 Election of President. 55 Manner of election of President. 56 Term of office of President. 57 Eligibility for re-election. 58 Qualifications for election...

The preamble to the Indian Constitution WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith...

Landform made by Running Water Landforms and their Evolution NCERT PDF Major Landforms of the Earth NCERT PDF Erosional Landforms GorgeDeep valley with very steep to straight sidesCanyonCharacterised by steep step-like side slopesWider at its top than at its bottom.Potholes and Plunge PoolsMore...

Endogenic Forces Endogenic forces a can be classified as slow movements (diastrophic) and sudden movements. Slow movements cause changes very gradually which might not be visible during a human lifetime. Exogenic Forces The forces which derive their strength from the earth’s exterior or originate within the...

Comparison: Continental Drift – See Floor Spreading – Plate Tectonics Continental DriftSee Floor SpreadingPlate TectonicsExplained byPut forward by Alfred Wegener in 1920sArthur Holmes explained Convectional Current Theory in the 1930s.Based on convection current theory, Harry Hess explained See Floor Spreading in the 1940sIn 1967, McKenzie...

Theory of Plate Tectonics states that the earth's outer crust i.e. lithosphere is divided into plates (seven major and seven minors) that move over the asthenosphere, the molten upper portion of the mantle. Plate Tectonics is responsible for various geomorphological processes...

Continental Drift theory was put forth by Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, polar explorer, astronomer, and geologist. He is in fact known as the father of continental drift.In a lecture in 1912, Wegener proposed a startling theory of ‘continental drift’.The movement of...