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Landforms and their Evolution

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Bharathi Pradeep
Bharathi Pradeephttps://www.getcooltricks.com/
Editor at GetCoolTricks.com. Bharathi covers topics on Competitive exams, How To guides, Current exams, Current Affairs, Study Materials, etc. Follow her on social media using the links below.

Landform made by Running Water

Landforms and their Evolution NCERT PDF

Major Landforms of the Earth NCERT PDF

Erosional Landforms

GorgeDeep valley with very steep to straight sides
CanyonCharacterised by steep step-like side slopesWider at its top than at its bottom.
Potholes and Plunge PoolsMore or less circular depressions formed because of stream erosion aided by the abrasion of rock fragments.
Incised or Entrenched MeandersVery deep and wide meanders that can be found cut in hard rocks.
River TerracesSurfaces marking old valley floor or floodplain levelsThey are basically products of erosion as they result due to vertical erosion

Depositional Landforms

Alluvial FansFormed when streams flowing from higher levels break into foot slope plains of low gradient.
DeltasLike alluvial fans but develop at a different locationThe load carried by the rivers is dumped and spread into the sea.
FloodplainsGenerally flat area of land next to a river or stream.They stretches from the banks of the river to the outer edges of the valley.
MeandersLandform but is only a type of channel pattern

Landforms made by Groundwater

Erosional Landforms

Swallow HolesSmall to medium sized round to sub-rounded shallow depressions
SinkholesOpening more or less circular at the top and funnel-shaped towards the bottom
LapiesUneven grooves and ridges formed when the majority of the limestone’s surface is removed by the solution process.
Limestone PavementsNatural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface.
CavesCave formation is prominent in areas where there are alternating beds of rocks with limestones or dolomites in between

Depositional Landforms

StalactitesHang as icicles of different diameters
StalagmitesRise up from the floor of the caves
PillarsFormed stalagmite and stalactites eventually fuse to give rise to columns and pillars of different diameters.
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Bharathi Pradeep
Bharathi Pradeephttps://www.getcooltricks.com/
Editor at GetCoolTricks.com. Bharathi covers topics on Competitive exams, How To guides, Current exams, Current Affairs, Study Materials, etc. Follow her on social media using the links below.
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